Oct 30, 2014 the khilafat movement added much to the economic miseries of the muslims who resigned their jobs. Download pdf right click and save as target or continue reading online. Read this article to learn about the khilafat and noncooperation movement in india against british. Khilafat movement 19191924 importance pdf download. The khilafat movement added much to the economic miseries of the muslims who resigned their jobs. May 26, 2015 khilafat movement by gail minault the khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian nationalists, to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam after world war i. Finally the new turkish government under kemal ataturk abolished the institution of the caliph in 1924 so ending the movement as the muslims no longer had a cause for which to fight. The hindus were blamed for the failure of the movement as m.
Khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of the british india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate or khilafat eusmania and for not letting for the muslim holy places go under the control of the nonmuslims. First, the khilafat delegation sent to london in 1920 was interpreted by the british government as an eccentric expression of panmuslim sentiment rather than a serious movement with legitimate goals. It was at this juncture that jamaluddin afghani 183897 propagated the idea of panislamism. Khilafat movement 19191924 was a significant islamic movement in india during the british rule. Khilafat movement ended without its prime objectives of safeguarding the institution of caliphate. All these and many other reasons led to the failure of khilafat. These indian muhajireen were supposed to become afghan citizens. The jinnahs, gandhi and khilafat outlook india magazine. The khilafat movement was a tragicomical mistake, aiming at the restoration of the ottoman caliphate against which the arabs had risen in revolt and which the turks were dissolving, a process completed. It was strong in british india where it formed a rallying point for some indian muslims as one of many antibritish indian political movements. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movement 191924, was a panislamist political protest campaign launched by muslims of british india led by shaukat ali, mohammad ali jauhar, hakim ajmal khan, and abul kalam azad to restore the caliph of the ottoman caliphate, who was considered the leader of sunni muslims, as an effective political authority. The following reasons contribute to the failure of the movement.
Suppose there are two possible types of potential benefit from increasing the intensity of movements. Pdf stalwarts of the khilafat movement in nwfp researchgate. The khilafat movement 1919 20 was essentially a movement to express muslim support for the caliph of turkey against the allied powers particularly britain. Q explain the reasons for the establishment of the khilafat movement.
From the year 1876 to 1909, abdul hamid ii was the emperor of the ottoman empire. Its failure was also brought about by the decision of the muslim mustafa kamal ataturk to form a nationalist government in turkey but the end had been seen in the refusal of lloyd george to accept the demands of the movement. Learning from mahatma gandhis mistakes 1 center for. The khilafat movement was basically launched with the collaboration with gandhi to support ottoman caliph and their rule over the ottoman empire. In this blog post, suprateek neogi from rajiv gandhi national university of law, punjab discusses the nirbhaya gang rape incident. What are the reasons for the failure of the khilafat movement.
Reasons for the failure of the khilafat movement gandhis action of calling off the noncooperation movement at a moment when the government was about to make major concessions, was a severe setback to the movement. Congress leader mohandas gandhi and the khilafat leaders promised to work and fight together for the causes of. For those candidates who had been well prepared for the examination, this caused little or no problems and many answers from these candidates were accurate and relevant, scoring maximum marks. In my own case there was also a personallimitation, since. During 191922, the british were opposed through two mass movementsthe khilafat and noncooperation. Gandhi also joined muslims in their khilafat movement. The afghan government was hostile to the migrants who on their return found their homes and jobs occupied, which dispirited the muslims. Gce o level pakistan studies 2059 paper 1 the history. The moplah tenants were muslims and they agitated against the hindu landlords and the british government. Lucknow pact, the act of 1919, the khilafat movement, revival of the muslim league 1924, delhi muslim proposals, the simon commission, nehru report, jinnahs fourteen points, allama muhammad iqbals allahabad address of 1930 focussing on the idea of a separate muslim. The indian muslims attempt to influence the provisions of the treaty of sevres thus failed, and the. In this article, she has updated and included a detailed case study of the nirbhaya rape case of 2012.
Mappilas, for example, the khilafat issue, the tenancy problem, and repeal of. Khilafat movement 19191924 the lucknow pact showed that it was possible for middleclass, englisheducated muslims and hindus to arrive at an amicable settlement on hindumuslim constitutional and political problems. Nov 16, 2017 khilafat movement and noncooperation movement by roman saini indian history for upscias, ssc cgl duration. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movementand gurjars are the king of india 191924, was a panislamist political protest campaign launched by muslims of british india led by shaukat ali, mohammad ali jauhar, hakim ajmal khan, and abul kalam azad to restore the caliph of the ottoman caliphate, who was considered the leader of sunni muslims, as an effective political. Gandhi supported the reason for the beginning of khilafat movement. The khilafat movement the khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of world war i.
Khilafat movement, panislamic force in india that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among muslims in india during the period of british rule. The moplah peasant movement was engineered in august 1921 among the peasants of malabar district in kerala. In this atmosphere emerged the khilafat issue around which developed the historic noncooperation movement. They were subhash chandra bose and jawaharlal nehru. The movement was initially bolstered by gandhis noncooperation movement but fell. Suspension of noncooperation movement after the incidents of chauri chaura and the attack at the police outpost made gandhiji take a big decision to suspend the noncooperation movement.
The khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian. Rowlatt act 1919, jallianwala bagh massacre april, 1919 and the khilafat movement led gandhiji to start his noncooperation movement in khilafat movement was led by two brothers shaukat ali and muhammad ali. Gandhijis struggle was a movement to prevent the british from abolishing the khilafat or transferring its headquarters from istanbul where it had been during the. The noncooperation khilafat movement began in january 1921. Notes of nationalism in india class xth imperial study. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the first. So, the leaders of khilafat movement, that is, the ali brothers joined hands with inc indian national congress for the noncooperation movement which was going to start. In the year 1919 the indian national congress decided to support the muslim on the khilafat issue, and authorized gandhi to chalk out a road map. In part b, most candidates were able to score well. As he was a caliph, he was supreme from the religious aspect and also was a political leader of the sunni muslims all over the world. Pak study assignment khilafat movement pakistan studies. The khilafat movement in india, 19191924 soas research.
The khilafat movement failed by 1924 because of poor leadership. The political situation of subcontinent linkedin slideshare. What were the reasons for the failure of the khilafat. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the. Aug 01, 2017 one of the khilafat movements objective was to convince the british not to abolish or divide the caliphate as muslims of subcontinent and many muslims around the world had great respect for the institution of caliphate. This indeed was the watershed moment when the dream of hindus and muslims living together in an independent india was irreversibly shattered. The reasons why the khilafat movement was established were well known and most candidates scored highly although there was a signi. When the indian khilafat deputation visited england in 1920 to put their views before the british government, he ignored them and the deputation met with failure. The movement had a broad response among muslims, and hindus and muslims cooperated fully, with gandhis first nonviolent noncooperation movement against british rule. Question 1 why khilafat movement failed and what role did congress played in its failure leaders of the khilafat movement such as shaukat. This act was something that could not be ignored so in order to protect the. In order to organize a mass movement and launch an opinionforming campaign, a committee was formed on nov. Gce o level the history and culture of pakistan 20591 islam and therefore consider the roles of syed ahmad shaheed barailvi and haji shariat ullah. Why khilafat movement failed and what role did congress played in its failure.
The ottoman emperor abdul hamid ii 18761909 had launched a panislamic programme to use his position as the sultankhalifa of the global muslim community with a view to saving his disintegrating empire from foreign attacks and to crush the nationalistic democratic movement at home. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the first world war. Role of gandhiji in noncooperation and khilafat movement. Its purpose was to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam following the breakup of the ottoman empire at the end of the war. The khilafat movement, launched by gandhiji, occupies a vital place in indias history. A khilafat day had been observed earlier on 17 october, 1919.
Khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic movement influenced by indian nationalism. The goal of the movement was to preserve the ottoman. Failures of the khilafat movement 1919 1922 these reasons contributed to the failure of the khilafat movement. The colonial rule resulted in the unity of the hindus and the muslims. Secondly, with the end of the khilafat movement, the hindusmuslims unity, that had been previously established in the lucknow pact and had played a great role in the khilafat movement, also came to an end. Khilafat and noncooperation movement in india against british. This article throws light on the role of gandhiji in noncooperation and khilafat movement. The moplah rebellion in kerala is a result of the khilafat movement.
Its members were more concerned with the fate of the khalifa than were the western powers and the people of turkey. The khilafat movement started by the muslims of india is directly related to the. When a land is not safe for islam, a muslim has two options. Pdf the muslims of india and the first world war 19141918. An incident known as the chauri chaura played a vital role in the failure of the movement. Gandhis action of calling off the noncooperation movement at a moment when the government was about to make major concessions, was a severe setback to the movement. This unity reached its climax during the khilafat and the noncooperation movements. Aug 10, 2016 the khilafat movement was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government. The hindumuslims alliance and the khilafat movement ended in 1922. Since all constitutional efforts had failed to secure the demands. This was an attempt by the indian muslim community to unite together in support of the turkish.
In fact, he wants to protect the british government and needed autonomy of india through this movement. The leaders in spite of their best efforts could not maintain the hindumuslim unity. Khilafat day was observed the second time on the 19 th of march, 1920. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, abdul rauf and others published stalwarts of the khilafat movement in nwfp find, read and cite all the research you need on. The khilafat movement was a collective resistance against the british but however with turkey gaining more importance the movement collapsed in 1922. Background when the british and its allies won the world war, they decided to split the ottoman empire and abolish the caliphate.
Unfortunately, the khilafat movement was a failure. Role of khilafat movement in the uprising of muslims of. The failure of khilafat movement not only undermined the spirit of unity during khilafat days but also aroused communal passions sometimes leading to violent turn. Khilafat delegations to governor general india london.
The movement was an expression of indian muslims sentimental attachment to ottoman caliphate, which they viewed as the last vestige of islamic unity and power. As a result of adopting this approach a level 4 mark could have been achieved. We employ unique datasets and draw tentative lessons for cases other than india. The khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of world war i. What are the main causes and consequences of the khilafat. One of the main reasons which caused a death blow to khilafat movement wa. Khilafat agitation in malabar the khilafat movement was brought to the attention of the mappilas through the conference of the malabar district congress held at manjeri on. The movement became the reason for separation from. Because of this factor, i am selecting the khilafat movement which lasted from. The khilafat movement came to an end when thousands of indians were put behind the bar. The khilafat movement was launched by muslims in british india in 1920 to defend the ottoman caliphate at the end of the first world war and it spread throughout the british colonial territories. Khilafat movement by gail minault the khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian nationalists, to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam after world war i.
The rationale for failure of khilafat movement free download as word. The names of other prophetsas and messengers are followed by the symbol as, an abbreviation for. All of them responded to the call of swaraj, but the term meant different things to different people. The following excerpt from sheela reddys new book gives a glimpse into the dynamics of the relationship shared by mr and mrs jinnah. The abolition of khilafat by kamal ataturk was a serious blow on khilafat movement in the subcontinent and he exiled sultan abdul majeed, a helpless caliph and abolished khilafat as an institution, due to this all agitational activities came to an end in the subcontinent. Khilafat was combined with the swadeshi movement, which was then the main civil disobedince movement in congress. Though the two movements emerged from separate issues, they adopted a common programme of actionthat of nonviolent non cooperation. Cooperation movement surrendering of titles resignation from jobsshabas chander bosh non payments of govt dues refusing financial aid by educational institutes failure of closure of aligrah and islamia college railway road swadeshi movement. Various social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspiration. We find that both unexpected external events as well as organizational innovation within gandhis mass movement were important.
A historical perspective find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Request pdf role of khilafat movement in the uprising of muslims of indian subcontinent presented at international symposium on 100th anniversary of urdu language education in turkey the. The noncooperation movement is referred to briefly since it has its origin in the khilafat movement. It was the failure of hijrat movement, which motivated bacha khan to form khudai khidmatgar. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. In the process, it also tells us of how the politics of the. The movement was initially bolstered by gandhis noncooperation movement but fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. This decision of gandhiji was not supported by some of the radical nationalists of congress. Khilafat movement and its importance background of khilafat movement. Khilafat movement and the province of sindh 53 of islamic independence was steadily narrowing. Khilafat movement 19191924, its causes and impact on indian politics. An attempt was made towards inaugurating a panislamic movement i. One of the khilafat movement s objective was to convince the british not to abolish or divide the caliphate as muslims of subcontinent and many muslims around the world had great respect for the institution of caliphate.
Khilafat movement british raj caliphate free 30day. The movement effectively demonstrated the religious enthusiasm of muslims to british. Ottoman was over thrown by the pro western secular republic and severed ties with indian muslims. The khilafat movement was led primarily by the muslim leaders, but later accelerated by mahatma gandhis noncooperation movement. In conclusion, we would like to convey the message that the movement was an attempt to convince the british to forgive turkey. The movement was launched as a protest against the rowlatt act, the jallianwallah bagh massacre and the khilafat movement. Pdf the years 20142018 marks the centenary of the world war i which was practically fought in europe but left deep. Therefore, he joined the khilafat movement for achieving his coveted plan. Dec 14, 2017 so, the leaders of khilafat movement, that is, the ali brothers joined hands with inc indian national congress for the noncooperation movement which was going to start.
Apparently, he was showing that he was sincere to the muslim cause. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movement 191924, was a. The khilafat movement 19191924 was an agitation by indian muslims allied with indian nationalism in the years following world war i. So, the mutuality between the hindus and muslims increased. Dec 07, 2016 the noncooperation movement or the asahayaog andolon was perhaps the biggest event in the history of indias struggle for independence since the sepoy mutiny of 1857. A tragic offshoot of the khilafat movement was the hijrat movement proposed by jamiyatalulemaihind. The rationale for failure of khilafat movement caliphate ottoman. Muslim mobilization after the caliphate fiu digital commons. The khilafat or caliphate movement of 1919 to 1924 was a political and religious movement among muslims in the british colony of india. This post is updated by richa singh of faculty of law, aligarh muslim university. Noncooperation movement, unsuccessful attempt in 192022, organized by mohandas mahatma gandhi, to induce the british government of india to grant selfgovernment, or swaraj, to india.
Failures of the khilafat movement by hafsa usman on prezi. Gandhi had persuaded the indians to support the war efforts of the british during the first world war. He gave a direction to the movement which resulted in unity and mutual nonviolent noncooperation movement. Ninety four years later, we have a new khalifa claiming the allegiance of sunni muslims. Impacts of khilafat movement gandhis unilateral decision of calling off non cooperative movement did irreparable damage to khilafat movement the failure of khilafat movment brought an end to the muslim hindu unity which was the result of great efforts of quaid in lacknow pact. Explains importance of work of a number of people to include shah wali ullah for maximum marks. Muslim support for the khilafat movement fell away. However, there was a significant minority of candidates who found. Moplah revolt in august 1921 hindu muslim relations changed chora chori incident in february 1922 gandhi called off the movement. He traveled to kabul as part of hijrat movement led caravan consisting of 500 people and met amanullah. The movement exposed the hindu mentality towards the muslims.
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